Introduction: The Avoidable Causes of Cancer

Introduction: The Avoidable Causes of Cancer

We have previously reported an association between the site of first metastases and ER status. ER positive patients preferentially metastasise to bone (Campbell et al., 1981). We suggest that this early finding of a relationship between disease-free interval and ER status, before stratification according to node positivity, may in part be due to the consistently short disease-free interval in t...

Estimating avoidable causes of cancer.

Evidence that much cancer is preventable derives from observations of time trends and geographic patterns of cancer, birth cohort changes, high risks in groups with well-defined exposures, and experimental studies. In an effort to identify additional opportunities for reducing the impact of cancer on society, this conference assessed avoidable causes of cancer. The magnitude and extent of preve...

the Causes of Cancer: Quantitative Estimates of Avoidable Risks of Cancer in the United States Today

The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today.

Evidence that the various common types of cancer are largely avoidable diseases is reviewed. Life-style and other environmental factors are divided into a dozen categories, and for each category the evidence relating those particular factors to cancer onset rates is summarized. Where possible, an estimate is made of the percentage of current U.S. cancer mortality that might have been caused or ...

Controlling the avoidable causes of cancer: needs and opportunities for etiologic research.

This meeting of the President's Cancer Panel was designed to provide an overview of known and suspect causes of cancer and to indicate those that might be considered avoidable. Two complex concepts are inherent in this charge: cause and avoidability. Risk factors for cancer are designated as causal when the evidence from observational and laboratory research is judged sufficient in relation to ...